Irreducible Complexity proven to evolve

One of the claims of the so-called intelligent design (ID) movement is that some aspects of life are “irreducibly complex”, and so could not have evolved. An example often given is the eye, because it contains many parts (lens, iris, retina, optic nerve), and it will not work if even one is missing. The claim is that the eye could not have evolved one step at a time, since all components have to exist for the eye to work. Since it is highly unlikely that all these different components evolved together in one step, ID proponents claim a designer must have been at work.

Of course, this argument has been debunked many times. For example, there are simpler versions of the eye on such animals as the flatworm. Clearly a primitive eye that could just tell the animal if it was in light or shadow, would be of benefit. This hasn’t stopped ID proponents and their “irreducibly complex” argument, though. And the argument, although flawed, was difficult to prove wrong. Until now.

An article in February’s Discover Magazine describes how Scientists at Michigan State University have been running an experiment where digital organisms have evolved into irreducibly complex forms. (You’ll need a subscription to read the whole article.) This is what they did. They set up bits of computer code, similar to computer viruses, as kinds of digital organisms. Each digital organism was set up so it could produce tens of thousands of copies of itself within minutes. But this is what makes it interesting: their instructions were set up so they could mutate in a similar way to how DNA mutates.  A software program called Avida allowed the scientists to record the complete lifecycle of generations of the mutated digital organisms – the complete history of their actual evolution.

Physicist Chris Adami of Caltech, set out to manipulate the environment to see if the organisms could evolve the ability to do addition. He took the basic digital organisms and:

at regular intervals presented numbers to them. At first they could do nothing. But each time a digital organism replicated, there was a small chance that one of its command lines might mutate. On a rare occasion, these mutations allowed an organism to process one of the numbers in a simple way. An organism might acquire the ability simply to read a number, for example, and then produce an identical output.

Adami rewarded the digital organisms by speeding up the time it took them to reproduce. If an organism could read two numbers at once, he would speed up its reproduction even more. And if they could add the numbers, he would give them an even bigger reward. Within six months, Adami’s organisms were addition whizzes. “We were able to get them to evolve without fail,” he says. But when he stopped to look at exactly how the organisms were adding numbers, he was more surprised. “Some of the ways were obvious, but with others I’d say, ‘What the hell is happening?’ It seemed completely insane.”

Not only had they evolved the ability to do addition, they had evolved to be irreducibly complex. For example, for a digital organism to add two numbers together, it would have to read the numbers, hold them in memory, add them, and hold the sum in memory or read it out. If any of these steps was removed, addition wouldn’t happen. This is what ID proponents say is impossible to evolve.

The scientists then decided to see if they could evolve even more complex operations. They set up an experiment to evolve the operation known as “equals”, which:

consists of comparing pairs of binary numbers, bit by bit, and recording whether each pair of digits is the same. It’s a standard operation found in software, but it’s not a simple one. The shortest equals program Ofria could write is 19 lines long. The chances that random mutations alone could produce it are about one in a thousand trillion trillion.

The scientists set up the experiment so that the organisms would replicate for 16,000 generations, and then performed this experiment 50 times.  Startlingly, the “equals” function, which has at least 19 irreducibly complex steps, evolved in 23 of the 50 experiments. And, in line with evolutionary theory, all 23 successful evolutions were done in completely different ways.

The researchers made their software freely available on the Internet, and allowed creationists to download it to test it for flaws.  Despite this army of highly motivated bug testers, no major flaws have been found.  So, now that these creationists have proved for themselves that irreducible complexity can evolve, do you think they will drop this silly objection to evolution? OK, rhetorical question.

I really recommend anyone to get hold of the magazine and read the full article. (Take out a subscription – it’s not that expensive.) It's fascinating: I’ve only scratched the surface of the story here.
 

Comments

[Mike]

Good article, Richard! Though I think you're right that Creationists will not let evidence sway their opinion.

[Mike]

I finally managed to read the article you referenced in this post. What I found to be even more interesting than the fact 23 out of 50 experiments evolved the equals behavior in the presence of unlimited resources was what happened when they introduced resource scarcity to the digital environment, or in other words when they introduced real world limits. When the experiments were run again, ALL runs evolved the equals operation, an average of 9 times as fast! That is amazing, and yet more proof that natural selection not only works, but it works well.

[Rob]

Does this mean apes will one day evolve from Christians?

[BronzeDog]

"what happened when they introduced resource scarcity to the digital environment, or in other words when they introduced real world limits. When the experiments were run again, ALL runs evolved the equals operation, an average of 9 times as fast! That is amazing, and yet more proof that natural selection not only works, but it works well."

Freaky. And cool.

[Albert Casne]

I am surprised that no one sees the intelligents that went behind the digital organisms evolving the ability to add two numbers. An intelligent being decided which direction the evolution will take, the ability to add to numbers, how this would be accomplished, increase the reproduction rates of those that "evolve" in the direction the intelligents wanted it to go.

I do not think this is a convincing experiment for the evolution of irreducible complexity.

[Skeptico]

And of course you have chosen to focus on the irrelevant. The point of this article is to show that irreducible complexity can evolve. Since the base claim of ID is that irreducible complexity can not evolve, this is a rather devastating piece of data for ID proponents. It proves your basic premise is false.

[Rockstar]

"intelligents"...? I think that says it all right there...

[BronzeDog]

"An intelligent being decided which direction the evolution will take, the ability to add to numbers, how this would be accomplished, increase the reproduction rates of those that "evolve" in the direction the intelligents wanted it to go."

Completely missing the point: The increased reproduction rate duplicates what nature does: Creatures with certain traits reproduce more. In this case, the environment of the simulation was one where certain steps in a program lead to increased reproduction. The artificiality of the environment is irrelevant: He didn't design the organisms. He just put them in a particular environment and they reacted the way evolution said they would.

And, as Skeptico said: Your premise is dead. Go find another negative premise to make affirmative conclusions from.

[Albert Casne]

This experiment shows that irreducible complexity may be accomplished through a directed effort of an intelligent source outside the environment of the organisms.

A better experiment needs to be devised.

What's the difference between this "directed effort" and any other environment where traits X, Y, and irreducibly complex trait Z lead to increased reproduction?

[BronzeDog]

Oh, and if you want to argue that the designer set up the environment the same way these experimenters did, well, you'll have to prove the Earth and all its geology and climate changes were designed, somehow.

[Albert Casne]

Rather than debunking ID this experiment only lends support to it. The experiment is “designed” to give those organisms that mutate in the way the “designer” wants a better chance of reproducing.

The analogy that this experiment has to the real world is very limited or is it?

[Rockstar]

LOL U R RIGHT DOOD. GAWD DID IT ALL SKEPTICO IS JUST DUM.

"Rather than debunking ID this experiment only lends support to it. The experiment is “designed” to give those organisms that mutate in the way the “designer” wants a better chance of reproducing."

Black is white, up is down, and watch out for that zebra crossing. Again, how that environment was set up is irrelevant to the experiment. If the experiment was set up as a result of an accident, it'd have the same results. It simply doesn't matter how the environment was set up: It disproves the notion that irreducible complexity can't evolve.

All you're doing is backpedalling so that you're saying the environment is designed. Prove it.

[Skeptico]

Albert:

Re: This experiment shows that irreducible complexity may…

No not “may” – irreducible complexity did evolve.

Re: …be accomplished

No, not “be accomplished” – it EVOLVED.

Re: …through a directed effort of an intelligent source outside the environment of the organisms.

No, the intelligence did not “direct” the effort. The intelligence just set up the environment. And with no direction, irreducible complexity did evolve.

Re: Rather than debunking ID this experiment only lends support to it. The experiment is “designed” to give those organisms that mutate in the way the “designer” wants a better chance of reproducing.

Of course the experiment was designed. Are you insisting that if an experiment is designed it is invalid? By that criterion, no experiment would ever satisfy you. That is absurd – of course an experiment has to be designed.

You clearly either don’t understand this experiment or you don’t understand the scientific method. Scientific experiments are designed to try to falsify (prove wrong) a hypothesis. The reasons for this are too complex to go into here, but here is an article that explains falsifiability.

The basic premise of intelligent design is that irreducible complexity cannot evolve. Of course, none of the ID proponents have ever tried to test this experimentally, they just assert it. These scientists set out to falsify this basic ID premise, and it was falsified. Irreducible complexity can evolve, so ID is based on a false premise. And since that’s basically all they have, ID is pretty much falsified.

Re: The analogy that this experiment has to the real world is very limited or is it?

It’s not an analogy. It was an experiment to see if the premise “irreducible complexity cannot evolve” could be falsified. It was falsified.

Re: A better experiment needs to be devised.

OK, devise one then and detail it here for us. ID proponents are of course free to devise their own experiments, but the problem (one of them) with ID is that they don’t do experiments, don’t do science. But if you want to break with this tradition then go for it: more experiments are always good if they provide new data. But unless you can find an error with this experiment, then irreducible complexity can evolve. End of story.

[Albert Casne]

The experiment does not prove that irreducible complex systems can evolve without a designer. Try again!

How can you say that if this experiment was setup as the result of an accident the results would be the same? Have you tested this experiment?

Can you prove that the environment was not designed?

LOL U R RIGHT DOOD. GAWD DID IT ALL SKEPTICO IS JUST DUM.

Rockstar, I still remember the caricatures of Darwin with the monkey tail. Do you like being compared to people of that intellect?

[Albert Casne]

Re: No, the intelligence did not “direct” the effort. The intelligence just set up the environment. And with no direction, irreducible complexity did evolve.

Adami rewarded the digital organisms by speeding up the time it took them to reproduce. If an organism could read two numbers at once, he would speed up its reproduction even more. And if they could add the numbers, he would give them an even bigger reward.

This looks like “directing”.

[Rockstar]

Are you insinuating that I am a monkey? Or are you ignorant of the fact that evolution does not say we evolved from apes?

I don't get it...

[Albert Casne]

No, I am talking about the intellect of the people who made the caricature.

[Rockstar]

I'll let you in on the joke, Albert. My comment was in jest.

I was hoping yours were too.

[BronzeDog]

"How can you say that if this experiment was setup as the result of an accident the results would be the same? Have you tested this experiment?"

A=A. If the conditions are the same, the results will be the same. If I accidentally push a pen off my desk, the results will be the same as if I deliberately pushed it off.

"Can you prove that the environment was not designed?"

If your talking about the experiment's environment, it's irrelevant for the reasons stated above. If you're talking about the universe: shifting burden of proof.

[Albert Casne]

Rockstar

Re: I was hoping yours were too.

My comment was in jest. But everyone needs to be aware that dogmatism has no place in true science.

[BronzeDog]

"But everyone needs to be aware that dogmatism has no place in true science."

Exactly. Which is why IDers need to move on, rather than continue to tout their now demonstrably false assertion that irreducible complexity can't evolve. They need to come up with a testable hypothesis and test it, rather than continue to shout and beg for political endorsement.

[Albert Casne]

That is true, IDers should not try to force their ideas on the scientific community or the public at large, but let them stand on their own weight. However, It is only by questioning that progress is made and though we may not agree with them we should be open to look and question our own strongly held beliefs and convictions.

[Skeptico]

Albert:

Re: The experiment does not prove that irreducible complex systems can evolve without a designer. Try again!

The experiment was meant to falsify the hypothesis that irreducible complex systems cannot evolve. It did so falsify that hypothesis. I did explain this before. You are the one who needs to try again!

Re: How can you say that if this experiment was setup as the result of an accident the results would be the same? Have you tested this experiment?

Irrelevant. The experiment falsified the hypothesis that irreducible complex systems cannot evolve.

Re: Can you prove that the environment was not designed?

If your contention is that the universe was designed, then the burden of proof is upon you to do so. That is the way science works. So can you prove the universe was designed? Yes or no? Amd please show your work.

Re: Adami rewarded the digital organisms by speeding up the time it took them to reproduce. If an organism could read two numbers at once, he would speed up its reproduction even more. And if they could add the numbers, he would give them an even bigger reward.
This looks like “directing”.

It is setting up the environment. It is not directing the experiment. And with no direction, irreducible complexity did evolve.

You didn’t answer my earlier point. You said “A better experiment needs to be devised”, and I said, “OK, devise one then and detail it here for us”. Are you going to do that, or are you going to continue to do what all ID proponents do and just snipe about the evidence for evolution?

Adami rewarded the digital organisms by speeding up the time it took them to reproduce. If an organism could read two numbers at once, he would speed up its reproduction even more. And if they could add the numbers, he would give them an even bigger reward.
This looks like “directing”.

This is no different than, say, setting up a shadowy environment where black pigmentation is a benefit, or a wet environment where improved swimming is a benefit. The environment causes evolution, which can produce irreducibly complex traits. In this experiment, it doesn't matter that the environment is designed.

If you want to argue that the Earth was designed to produce human beings, you'll have to come up with a way to determine that the Earth was designed, as that's an unrelated claim to this experiment.

[Rockstar]

Albert:

That is true, IDers should not try to force their ideas on the scientific community or the public at large, but let them stand on their own weight.

There is no evidence for ID. Not a shred.

It is only by questioning that progress is made and though we may not agree with them we should be open to look and question our own strongly held beliefs and convictions.

I'd be happy to review any evidence for ID. There is none. See here. So please back up your claim. Answer these questions:

*Who is this designer? Is it God? Is it aliens? Invisible Pink Bunny Rabbits?

*How do you propose to prove who/what this designer is?

*How did the designer operate?

*What process was used? It is fact evolution occured, but there are many theories as to how.

*You will need to provide new evidence proving speciation and mutation occur independentlyfrom natural selection. We have proof, show our evidence is flawed.

*Why did the designer create flaws in our design?

[Albert Casne]

Just look at the diversity life around you and you would need no further proof that this was not due to some random chance of natural selection. The easy answer is: “Given enough time all things are possible”. Is this is really an answer? There is some other process at work in nature and I am looking for the answer to what that process is.

[BronzeDog]

*Looks around.* I see as much diversity of life as evolution predicts.

And stop doing that random chance straw man. Randomness isn't as big a part of evolution as ID propagandists make it out to be.

[Rockstar]

If you are truly on the fringe and looking for answers, you've come to the right place. If you are looking to confirm your faith, best look elsewhere.

I don't want to be a dick, but do you realize how silly Creationists sound when they say ...random chance of natural selection"? Pick one. "Selection" and "chance" are opposites. Statements like that show you do not understand evolution. Start here.

Just look at the diversity life around you and you would need no further proof that this was not due to some random chance of natural selection.

Not good enough. It's based on a false premise anyway. Again:

*Who is this designer? Is it God? Is it aliens? Invisible Pink Bunny Rabbits?

*How do you propose to prove who/what this designer is?

*How did the designer operate?

*What process was used? It is fact evolution occured, but there are many theories as to how.

*You will need to provide new evidence proving speciation and mutation occur independentlyfrom natural selection. We have proof, show our evidence is flawed.

*Why did the designer create flaws in our design?

[Albert Casne]

*Who is this designer? Is it God? Is it aliens? Invisible Pink Bunny Rabbits?

*How do you propose to prove who/what this designer is?

*How did the designer operate?

*Why did the designer create flaws in our design.

Rockstar, these questions assume that there is a designer.

*What process was used? It is fact evolution occured, but there are many theories as to how.

The key here is: "but there are many theroies as to how." Maybe we can add a few more.

*You will need to provide new evidence proving speciation and mutation occur independentlyfrom natural selection. We have proof, show our evidence is flawed.

This does not need to be disproved if the underlying process works within these bounds.

[Rockstar]

Is that not your whole point?

The key here is: "but there are many theroies as to how." Maybe we can add a few more.

Like what? ID? Flying Spahetti Monsterism? If you want to add theories, back 'em up. That's called doing science.

This does not need to be disproved if the underlying process works within these bounds.

Fine. How do you propose to do this?

[Albert Casne]

Re: If you are looking to confirm your faith, best look elsewhere.

I do not think so. To read a book on cosmology, modern physics, evolution, quantum mechanics, etc only strengthens my faith.

Re: This does not need to be disproved if the underlying process works within these bounds.

Fine. How do you propose to do this?

I propose doing it by getting scientist to think outside the box.

[Skeptico]

Albert:

Re: Just look at the diversity life around you and you would need no further proof that this was not due to some random chance of natural selection.

First, as others have said, natural selection is not random. Basic mistake of most creationists.

Second, even ignoring that – lame lame lame. It is just an argument from ignorance – life is so complex you don’t see how it could have arisen without some guiding hand. Well, just because you don’t see how it could have happened that way does not mean it did not happen that way. It is only evidence of your own ignorance and lack of imagination. If you want anyone to believe the universe was designed you are going to have to provide some evidence that the universe was designed. “Just look at the diversity life around you” does not even begin to be anything even remotely resembling evidence.

Re: The easy answer is: “Given enough time all things are possible”. Is this is really an answer?

No. But then no scientist actually says that. Your argument is a straw man.

Re: There is some other process at work in nature and I am looking for the answer to what that process is.

When you find it, try getting it published in a scientific journal. So far you have nothing.

Re: I propose doing it by getting scientist to think outside the box.

Sorry to rain on your parade but you are failing. And you will continue to fail if you rely on these same old lame creationist arguments that have been debunked many times before.

Irreducible complexity has been falsified, so you need to come up with something new. So far you’ve only rehashed the old and already discredited.

[Albert Casne]

Re: First, as others have said, natural selection is not random. Basic mistake of most creationists.

Yes, but the mutations are random and these random mutations must occur just at the right time to make the organism better fit.

Re: Well, just because you don’t see how it could have happened that way does not mean it did not happen that way.

Just because it could have happened that way does not mean that it did.

Re: Irreducible complexity has been falsified, so you need to come up with something new.

Come on! Who would doubt that an Irreducible Complex system could be designed by an intelligent being; even if using only random bits of computer code?

Re:“Just look at the diversity life around you” does not even begin to be anything even remotely resembling evidence.

Take a better look! If we found Mt. Rushmore on Mars I do not think we would attribute it to erosion.

[Skeptico]

Albert:

Re: Yes, but the mutations are random and these random mutations must occur just at the right time to make the organism better fit.

Don’t be stupid. Random mutations occur randomly – by definition. The ones that survive do so because the mutation makes it more likely that the genes are passed on. They don’t have to occur at “just at the right time” – if they occur at the “wrong” time they just don’t get passed on. You really need to learn a bit more about this subject.

Re: Just because it could have happened that way does not mean that it did.

Correct. We know it did because of the huge amounts of evidence for it. Now, stop playing semantic games and either provide evidence there is a designer, or shut up.

Re: Come on! Who would doubt that an Irreducible Complex system could be designed by an intelligent being; even if using only random bits of computer code?

One more time: Irreducible complexity WAS NOT DESIGNED. The equals function is an irreducibly complex function that EVOLVED. The ID stance that this could not evolve has been falsified. If you can’t grasp even these simple ideas you are never going to get very far.

Re: Take a better look! If we found Mt. Rushmore on Mars I do not think we would attribute it to erosion.

I already debunked Behe’s silly Mount Rushmore analogy here.

OK, now it’s time for you to cut the crap: show some evidence that there is a designer. Argument from your own ignorance doesn’t count.

You have still not answered my earlier question. You said “A better experiment needs to be devised”, and I said, “OK, devise one then and detail it here for us”. Are you going to do that or not?

[BronzeDog]

Well, looks like a lot of nothing has been happening here over the last few hours. Same loop. We falsify one of the big negative premises that IDers base their affirmative assumptions on, and he fails to see the point.

All this talk about designing the environment of the experiment reminds me of the alt-to-med nonsense distinction between "natural" and "artificial" chemicals, as if it were relevant to what they do. Water is water. Ricin is ricin. An environment that favors addition programs is an environment that favors addition programs. The results will be the same.

[Albert Casne]

Natural Selection has no long term goal. Unlike the experimenter whose ultimate goal was to design an organism that could add two numbers, using random bits of computer code. He accomplished this goal by intervening in the environment at the right time to move the overall direction of population in the direction that he chose. This is certainly not undirected evolution without any final goal or purpose.

Re: “They set up an experiment to evolve the operation known as “equals’”

You do not go into detail about the environment that allowed the operation of “equals” to evolve. However, unlike evolution, which has no purpose, the evolution in this experiment had a purpose: “to evolve the operation known as ‘equals’.”

You, need to devise an experiment where the environment is free from any outside intervention. Let the program run its course and see if any Irreducible Complex systems "evolve" with no intelligent directing force. I will leave the details up to you.

[BronzeDog]

Natural Selection has no long term goal. Unlike the experimenter whose ultimate goal was to design an organism that could add two numbers, using random bits of computer code. He accomplished this goal by intervening in the environment at the right time to move the overall direction of population in the direction that he chose. This is certainly not undirected evolution without any final goal or purpose.

Once again, missing the point: The experiment was designed to falsify the null hypothesis that irreducible complexity cannot evolve. The origin of the environment has no relevance.

You do not go into detail about the environment that allowed the operation of “equals” to evolve. However, unlike evolution, which has no purpose, the evolution in this experiment had a purpose: “to evolve the operation known as ‘equals’.”

The environment is one where the algorithms with the appropriate operations reproduce more. A simple, but generally accurate description of a physical world environment: Creatures with certain traits in certain environments reproduce more.

You, need to devise an experiment where the environment is free from any outside intervention. Let the program run its course and see if any Irreducible Complex systems "evolve" with no intelligent directing force. I will leave the details up to you.

There isn't an intelligent directing force in the experiment. Just an environment with a handful of simple rules, namely that certain operations increase reproduction race. Reality has such rules, for example, a fast-running deer will generally reproduce more than a slower one because they can evade predators more easily. The rule is there, and its source is irrelevant to this experiment.

I read the Article in Discover Magazine, and do say that the program is impressive. But it is hardly a death blow to ID. You can see from this program how hard it would be to see the designer in Nature if it is so hard to see it in such a simple program? However, if this program does what it purports to do, someone ingenious enough may from studying the evolution of these bugs learn how to detect the designer behind it all, man. From that point they maybe able to state a testable hypothesis to test whether or not there is a designer behind evolution. This program in the right hands could be what the IDers need to prove their case.

[Skeptico]

The flaw in your argument is that the equals function was not designed. It evolved.

ID is based on the premise that some items are irreducibly complex:

"a single system which is composed of several interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, and where the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning".

The equals function contains a minimum of 19 irreducibly complex steps – if any one is missing, the equals function will not work. And yet it did evolve. Therefore, the basic ID premise has been proven wrong. End of story.

ID proponents like Albert above will continue to willfully misunderstand this experiment, will continue their hand waving in the “just look at the diversity life around you” school, will continue to pretend evolution is “random” and will continue to pretend reasoning by analogy means anything. None of this will alter the fact that the basic premise of ID – irreducible complexity cannot evolve – has been proven FALSE. And without that, they have NOTHING.

Well even if I grant you that Irreducible Complexity can evolve then ID would need to look for another testable premise.

With all the “bug testers” out there can you tell me what the results evolution had on the bugs when the environment was randomly changed at random intervals and the rule governing the passing on of a good gene was randomly changed. What level of Irreducible Complexity did the bugs achieve and in what time? The bugs evolved quit rapidly in the desire direction when there was a fixed plan and purpose to it.

[Albert]

The article did say that the bugs could compete with each other, so what happened when the passing on of a good gene was fixed at: “those bugs that were best competitors at reproduction success” given the other conditions in my above post?

[Albert]

Re: The flaw in your argument is that the equals function was not designed. It evolved.

The bugs themselves were not designed but the environment and the rules for increasing the reproduction rate were at least planned if not designed.

[Skeptico]

Re: The bugs themselves were not designed but the environment and the rules for increasing the reproduction rate were at least planned if not designed.

Irrelevant. The irreducibly complex equals function EVOLVED. This is what ID says is impossible. ID is wrong.

[Albert]

RE: Irrelevant. The irreducibly complex equals function EVOLVED. This is what ID says is impossible. ID is wrong.

ID is not necessary wrong because a premise may be wrong. There may another provable premise supporting their Theory.

I will give you that Irreducibly Complex systems can evolve.

My hypothesis is that the degree of complexities of the Irreducibly Complex systems will become static at a low level, in a randomly changing environment, given Natural Selection only.

Test it!

[Tim]

Re: Just look at the diversity life around you and you would need no further proof that this was not due to some random chance of natural selection.

I think the above statement perfectly represents ID for what it is, intellectual laziness. Scientists don't just make claims based on an observation and declare it to be true. The irony is that it was the diversity of life that inspired Darwin to doubt creationism.

RE: ID is not necessary wrong because a premise may be wrong. There may another provable premise supporting their Theory.

ID is based entirely on trying to poke holes in evolutionary theory, so you'll have to do better than that.

RE:My hypothesis is that the degree of complexities of the Irreducibly Complex systems will become static at a low level, in a randomly changing environment, given Natural Selection only.

Test it!

Why don't YOU "Test it!" again, intellectual laziness.

[Tim]

sorry, that was me again

[Rockstar]

Albert:

The burden of proof lies on the claimant. Your claim, you test it. That's how science is done.

I'm glad you have a hypothesis. The next step is to experiment; to try to prove it false. No matter what the results submit your research for peer review. Let your results be confirmed by others. Don't go in assuming your hypothesis is correct, as it leads to bias. That's how science is done.